who is the head of government in iran

[20] The Islamic Republic has had two Supreme Leaders: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who held the position from Iranian revolution in 1979 until his death in 1989, and Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who has held the position since Khomeini's death. Iran's Presidential Election: What to Know - Council on Foreign Relations [5] The current lifetime officeholder, Ali Khamenei, has issued decrees and made the final decisions on the economy, the environment, foreign policy, education, national planning, and other aspects of governance in Iran. He succeeded Hassan Rouhani, who served 8 years in office from 2013 to 2021. However, the council rejects the criticism, citing approval of so-called reformists in previous elections. Also somebodies believe that it is indispensable to revive the religious gathered in Hoseyniyeh-e-Ershad. In fact, Iran is the only state in which the executive branch does not control the armed forces. [23] Presidents can only be reelected once if in a consecutive manner. [31] According to article 175 of Constitution the appointment and dismissal of the head of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting rests with the Leader. The 1979 Constitution designated the Supreme Leader of Iran as the head of state and the President and Prime Minister as the heads of government. The armed forces, judiciary, state television, and other key government organisations such as Guardian Council and Expediency Discernment Council are subject to the Supreme Leader. If the supreme leader wants protests to be ended with force, the president has little choice but to fall in line. Read about our approach to external linking. The result of the lectures was the book of An inquiry into principles of Marjaiyat. The president is required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in by the Parliament and the Supreme Leader has the power to dismiss the elected president if he has either been impeached by Parliament or found guilty of a constitutional violation by the Supreme Court. [34] The Supreme Leader is legally considered "inviolable", with Iranians being routinely punished for questioning or insulting him.[35][36][37][38]. . Military. Tehran, Iran Judiciary head Ebrahim Raisi has been elected as the next president of Iran at a critical juncture for the country. In Who Rules Iran? According to the Iranian constitution, when the President dies or is impeached, a special provisional Presidential Council temporarily rules in their place until an election can be held. [33] Thereby, the Assembly has never questioned the Supreme Leader. web site copyright 1995-2014 The obvious difference lies in the fact that Iran is an Islamic theocracy, and that one man, the Supreme Leader, exerts ideological and political control over a system dominated by clerics who shadow every major function of the state. The Council of Guardians is vested with the authority to interpret the constitution and determines if the laws passed by Parliament are in line with sharia (Islamic law). The election on August 3, 2005 resulted in a victory for Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Article 5 states. Raisi will become the first Iranian president to have been targeted by United States sanctions, imposed in 2019, over his alleged role in the mass executions and for cracking down on public protests. The responsibilities of the Supreme Leader are vaguely stated in the constitution, thus any 'violation' by the Supreme Leader would be dismissed almost immediately. Iran election: Hardliner Raisi will become president - BBC News In 2017, Raisi ran for president for the first time and became the main candidate against Rouhani, a moderate who championed engagement with the West and Irans 2015 nuclear deal with world powers that lifted multilateral sanctions in exchange for curbs on the countrys nuclear programme. The members are elected by direct public voting for eight years. I, as the President, upon the Holy Qur'an and in the presence of the Iranian nation, do hereby swear in the name of Almighty God to safeguard the official Faith, the system of the Islamic republic and the Constitution of the country; to use all my talents and abilities in the discharge of responsibilities undertaken by me; to devote myself to the service of the people, glory of the country, promotion of religion and morality, support of right and propagation of justice; to refrain from being autocratic; to protect the freedom and dignity of individuals and the rights of the Nation recognized by the Constitution; to spare no efforts in safeguarding the frontiers and the political, economic and cultural freedoms of the country; to guard the power entrusted to me by the Nation as a sacred trust like an honest and faithful trustee, by seeking help from God and following the example of the Prophet of Islam and the sacred Imams, peace be upon them, and to entrust it to the one elected by the Nation after me. As such, he has most say over how to deal with the protests. [43], Shortly before Khomeini's death a change was made in the constitution allowing a lower ranking Shia cleric to become Supreme Leader. 8 October 2022 2022 Iran protests The BBC has mapped how the death of Mahsa Amini sparked widespread unrest in Iran Security forces in Iran have been violently cracking down on protests. Security forces in Iran have been violently cracking down on protests sparked by the death in custody of a young woman. There are also other attempts to formulate new attitude of Islam such as the publication of three volumes of Maktab Tashayyo. According to article 91, it has 12 members, Half its members are faqihs that are chosen by the Supreme Leader and the other six members are jurists who are elected by the Islamic Consultative Assembly from among the Muslim jurists nominated-by the Chief Justice of Iran. The army, which falls under the control of the Supreme Leader, must be committed to Islamic ideology. When pressed by another candidate, Raisi briefly discussed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), as the nuclear deal that former US President Donald Trump unilaterally abandoned in 2018 is formally known. 19 Jun 2021 Tehran, Iran - Judiciary head Ebrahim Raisi has been elected as the next president of Iran at a critical juncture for the country. Persian Mirrors: The Elusive Face of Iran (2000). At times, the council, half of whose members are appointed by the Supreme Leader, has struck down up to 40 percent of the laws passed by Parliament. Surveillance cameras were introduced to help spot unveiled women, and a mandatory prison sentence was introduced for people opposing the hijab rules on social media. [16] Article 2 of the Constitution explains the principles of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran: The Islamic Republic is a system based on belief in: 1.the One God (as stated in the phrase "There is no god except Allah"), His exclusive sovereignty and the right to legislate, and the necessity of submission to His commands; [20], The current President of Iran is Ebrahim Raisi, who assumed office on August, 2021, after the 2021 Iranian presidential election. The Islamic Republic of Iran Army is the "conventional military of Iran"[35] and part of Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The first Iranian presidential election was held on January 25, 1980, and resulted in the election of Abulhassan Banisadr with 76% of the votes. Khatami captured nearly 70 percent of the popular vote, with about 80 percent of eligible voters turning out. Raisi and his ally Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, who in 2020 became the speaker of a new hardline parliament amid low turnout and wide disqualification of reformist candidates, lost the election to Rouhani. They presented their arguments by rendering lectures in 1960 and 1963 in Tehran. [23] There have been cases where incumbent Ali Khamenei publicly criticized members of the Assembly, resulting in their arrest and subsequent removal. In particular, in the development of international relations, the Constitution will strive with other Islamic and popular movements to prepare the way for the formation of a single world community (in accordance with the Koranic verse 'This your community is a single community, and I am your Lord, so worship Me' [21:92]), and to assure the continuation of the struggle for the liberation of all deprived and oppressed peoples in the world. Montazeri was demoted as a marja and Khomeini chose a new successor, a relatively low-ranking member of the clergy, Ali Khamene'i. The Islamic Revolution Guard Corps (Sepah) is a branch of Iran's Armed Forces, established after the Islamic revolution on 5 May 1979. Khomeini had a falling out with his successor Hussein-Ali Montazeri who disapproved of human rights abuses by the Islamic Republic[44] such as the mass execution of political prisoners in late summer and early autumn 1988. The first major demonstrations with the intent to overthrow the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi began in January 1978,[8] with a new, Islam-based, theocratic Constitution being approved in December 1979, ending the monarchy. Takeaways from the new charges against Trump, aide and Mar-a-Lago - CNN Cabinet meetings are chaired by the President. I could always count on deputies in the Parliament, particularly those from obscure villages, to speak their minds.". In 1988, when stalemates between Parliament and the Council of Guardians proved intractable, Ayatollah Khomeini created the Expediency Council and charged it with mediating disputes between the two bodies. The election on June 12, 2009 was reported by government authorities as a victory for Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the incumbent candidate, although this is greatly disputed by supporters of rival candidates, who noted the statistical anomalies in voting reports and large-scale overvoting in the officially announced tallies.[22]. The incoming president can help relieve the economic burdens through nuclear diplomacy, since any revival of the deal will almost . The force was established in 2005 to uphold Islamic morals and laws on "proper" dress, which were introduced after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. The approval process is considered to be a check on the president's power, and usually amounts to a small number of candidates being approved. -- MINISTRY OF INTELLIGENCE & SECURITY (MOIS). They try to reforms the conditions after the death of ayatollah. The same is true of the commander of the Islamic Revolution Guard Corps and the Basij. Read about our approach to external linking. Iran still belongs to Khamenei", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=President_of_Iran&oldid=1164989587. Like Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the leader wears a black turban, which signifies that he is a sayyid a descendent of the Prophet Muhammad. "[45], The constitution of Iran combines concepts of both democracy and theocracy, theocracy in the form of Khomeini's concept of vilayat-e faqih (Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist), as expressed in the Islamic Republic. [37] Article 150 says about Sepah that The Islamic Revolution Guards Corps, organized in the early days of the triumph of the Revolution, is to be maintained so that it may continue in its role of guarding the Revolution and its achievements. 'the system') among its supporters)[1] is the ruling state and current political system in Iran, in power since the Islamic revolution and fall of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. [20] MG Hossain Salami is the current commander of the Islamic Revolution Guard Corps. The head of the judiciary recommends the remaining six, which are officially appointed by Parliament. "Two decades after the revolution," Sciolino writes, "the foundations Early life and education ISIS' growing foothold in Afghanistan is captured on film. In the 1997 election, for example, only four out of 238 presidential candidates were approved by the council. The minister of the interior appoints the governors-general (for provinces) and governors (for counties). Some of the major issues are to the government in Islam, the need for the clergy's independent financial organization, Islam as a way of life, advising and guiding youth and necessity of being community. Iran's ruler Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1936 banned the hijab as part of his efforts to mirror the West. BBC: Who Holds Power? Supreme Leader of Iran - Wikipedia He has authority over the national police and the morality police, whose officers detained Mahsa Amini. [39] Following this landslide victory, the constitution of Iran of 1906 was declared invalid and a new constitution for an Islamic state was created and ratified by referendum during the first week of December in 1979. One choice is hardliner Saeed Jalili, a former nuclear negotiator under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad who was one of seven approved candidates in the 2021 race and withdrew in favour of Raisi. The attempt was a reaction to the secular political discourse namely Marxism, liberalism and nationalism. them are the individual fiefs of powerful clerics, and their size crowds The president is the second highest-ranking official of Iran after the Supreme Leader. As the constitution of the Islamic Republic states, it, intends to establish an ideal and model society on the basis of Islamic norms. Mohammad Khatami was elected president in 1997 in a stunning upset over the conservative establishment candidate, Speaker of the Parliament Ali-Akbar Nateq-Nouri. The Supreme Leader of Iran (Persian: , romanized:Rahbar-e Moazam-e Irn (listen)), also referred to as Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution[2] ( , Rahbar-e Moazam-e Enqelb-e Eslmi), but officially called the Supreme Leadership Authority ( , Maqm Moazam Rahbari), is the head of state and the highest political and religious authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran (above the president). Between 1989 and 2000, the Islamic Republic acquired 526 tanks, 72 combat aircraft, and 13 warships. The Basij Resistance Force, formally known as the Organisation for the Mobilisation of the Oppressed, was formed in 1979 as a volunteer paramilitary organisation. He is responsible for the day-to-day running of the government and has significant influence over domestic policy and foreign affairs. Nasser Minachi. Raisi was purportedly a participant in some of the events that forced the shah into exile and set up the new clerical establishment under Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Executive branch: chief of state: Supreme Leader Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989) head of government: President-elect Ebrahim RAISI (since 18 June 2021); First Vice President Eshagh JAHANGIRI (since 5 August 2013) cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president with legislative approval; the supreme leader has some control over appointments to several ministries As head of the Supreme National Security Council, the president helps coordinate the Supreme Leader's foreign policy directives. The Supreme Leader also is commander-in-chief of the armed forces and controls the Islamic Republic's intelligence and security operations; he alone can declare war or peace. Anything that goes right, Khamenei then can say 'I am the wise leader who put this guy in charge and he made the right policy decisions.' Together with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), the regular army comprises the Islamic Republic's armed forces. In practice, the Assembly has never been known to challenge or otherwise publicly oversee any of the Supreme Leader's decisions[23] (all of its meetings and notes are strictly confidential). The President automatically becomes the Head of the Supreme National Security Council and the Head of the Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution. While Western governments welcomed the election of Mohammad Khatami -- a forward-thinking cleric known for his moderate views -- to the presidency in 1997 (and again in 2001), there are areas of the Iranian power structure over which he has virtually no control, including the armed services. the chief commander of the armed forces of the country. [46], After the revolution Shia Muslims (or at least Iranian Shia) were commanded to show allegiance to the current vali-e faghih, Guardian Jurist or Supreme Leader. The judiciary branch of Iran's government is largely controlled by the Supreme Leader, who appoints the head of the judiciary, who in turn appoints the head of the Supreme Court and the chief public prosecutor. Allameh Tabatabei refers to velayat as a political philosophy for Shia and velayat faqih for Shia community. Government of Iran - Wikipedia [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Khamenei also makes the final decisions on the amount of transparency in elections,[14] and has dismissed and reinstated presidential cabinet appointees. [40], For public finance and fiscal policy, including budget and public debt, see, General Staff of Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Judicial system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Background and causes of the Iranian Revolution, Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, "The Highest Legal Document: Referendum on the Constitution of the Islamic Republic", "The Gambia: President Adama Barrow pledges reforms", "Francis Fukuyama: Iranian constitution democratic at heart - WSJ", "A Detailed Analysis of Iran's Constitution - World Policy Institute", "Iran's possible next Supreme Leader being examined: Rafsanjani", Large scale turn out at polls in IRI March Majlis Elections, "Hassan Rouhani takes over as Iran president", "Iran election: Counting starts after high turnout", "Assembly of Experts within Iran Political Structure", "Hard-line cleric becomes speaker of Assembly of Expert", "Islamic Republic of Iran Expediency Discernment Council of the System", "If ISIS attacks Baghdad, Iran will intervene militarily, says Iranian general", "The appointment of MG Bagheri as the chief of Staff of Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Iran changes Revolution Guards commander: TV", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Iran&oldid=1166006337, This page was last edited on 18 July 2023, at 20:21. The President is obliged to sign the legislation approved by the Parliament, or the result of a referendum, after it is forwarded to them and the legal stages are covered, and to forward to the relevant authorities for implementation. The Iranian Parliament is a unicameral legislative body whose 290 members are publicly elected every four years. It also controls the Basij Resistance Force. [3] The president carries out the decrees, and answers to the Supreme Leader, who functions as the country's head of state.

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