what is a shatterbelt ap human geography

For example, if they speak different languages, one group might learn the others language. The theory has been heavily criticized for its naturalistic and deterministic approach, which fails to account for the complex and fluid nature of international relations. Heartland Theory: AP Human Geography Crash Course Review 1 - Religious divisions in the Yemen civil war (c. 2014) between Arab factions. By the 1800s, transportation across the land was greatly improved and could provide quick transportation of troops. T echn ol gyG ap tr s b w v and that present in peripheral areas of underdevelopment. Political Organization of Space Multiple Choice Questions. 1 pt. Thus there are likely to be important trade routes between the two; it is also between Russia (Europe) and Iraq (western Asia), so trade routes may connect the two areas and cross other trade routes. It sparked great class discussion as well. Naturally, if someone could control all that, they could easily take over the world, as they say. Ratzel was born in Karlsruhe, Germany, and studied natural sciences, history, and philosophy at the University of Munich. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. FRQ: Shatterbelts Flashcards | Quizlet The odd shape is a result of connecting different widely-spaced concentrations of a . Early 20th-century geographers such as Richard Hartshorne didn't miss the fact that the Balkans (southeastern Europe) were a perpetual powderkeg. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. AP Human Geography Topics Covered: 4.3 Political Power & Territoriality. Terms of Service. Short-term shatterbelts disappear after either states mature or international rivalries and interests shift. AP Human Geography Unit IV. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. According to the theory, the rimland is the pivot point of world politics because it is the hub of international trade and communication, and it is where the major sea routes converge. a boundary that developed with the evolution of the cultural landscape and is adjusted as the cultural landscape changes right to vote. The theory has been influential in shaping the foreign policies of various countries and has been used to justify naval expansion and military intervention in the rimland region. When will there be a solar eclipse and transit of Venus at the same time? Download updated posters summarizing the main topics and structure for each AP exam. This theory was proposed by Sir Halford Mackinder in his 1904 essay, The Geographical Pivot of History. There is a lot to this theory and its importance, so lets outline some key terms: Keep in mind that big historical figures, like Hitler, believed in the Heartland Theory, and this theory was at the heart no pun intendedof the politics in both World Wars, the Vietnam War and the Cold War. Finally, two prompts are provided for students to practice their FRQ skills. It deals with issues such as defense, foreign affairs, trade, and a common currency, Regulated trade and colonization in Africa. a country or part of a country mostly surrounded by the territory of another country or lying within the boundaries of another country (Lesotho). What are some examples for physical geography, human geography Have you noticed how some places are constantly at war, on the edge of war, or recovering from a war? The following guide will be updated periodically with hyperlinks to excellent resources. Russia sees control over Ukraine as essential to its survival for economic and cultural reasons. 1. In many cases, political power is closely tied to territoriality, as the control of territory often confers economic, military, and symbolic advantages. D) heartland. Once you are finished, click the button below. having no direct access to water. When conflict breaks out and spreads, it is more intense, with more episodes of ethnic cleansing and genocide, than in non-shatterbelt areas. He reasoned that this land created the perfect conditions for power. This outline reflects the most recent revisions to the course. Understanding Shatterbelt in AP Human Geography: A Definition The correct answer is (D). All of the practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors that people learn from others are part of their culture. Privacy Policy and a boundary that is imposed on the cultural landscape which ignores pre-existing cultural patterns (typically a colonial boundary) a venture involving 3 or more national states political economic or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives, Territorial morphology (compact, fragmented, elongated, prorupt, perforated), a states physical shape. Shatterbelts are created by a combination of local and global rivalries occurring in the same geographic region whereby weak states are not able to prevent their governments from collapsing and war from breaking out. AP Human Geography Main Menu >>. Since human geography is about how humans are impacted by geography, we would say geopolitics have a lot to do with APHG. Lets think for a second why Mackinder may have used the word Heartland to describe Eastern Europe. Ethnicity. Long-term shatterbelts seem to suffer from such a level of inter-ethnic hostility that even the end of drawn-out conflicts, economic development, and evolution of stable and mature political systems aren't enough to keep these areas from shattering again and again. At least two global rivals have strong diplomatic and even military presences in the region. Belgium is fracturing into Flanders and Wallonia, and is, therefore, a multinational state. The subfield of human geography that looks at how cultures vary over space. Spykman is considered one of the founders of the discipline of geopolitics and is known for his work on the concept of the "Rimland," which he developed in his book "The Geography of the Peace" (1944). It is also a zone where various religions and ethnicities mix. Why is Light Year used instead of kilometers? AP Human Geography Chapter 7 Vocab Flashcards | Quizlet One example would be the USA, An alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other without giving up either's autonomy or self-determination, Geographic separation between the largely democratic and free-market countries of Western Europe and the Americas from the communist and socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Asia, A policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a country aimed at a group of its nationals living in a neighboring country, Two countries competing for political control of the eastern shore of the Mediterranean in the Middle East, Law establishing states' rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth's seas and oceans and their resources. These regions are under persistent stress and they are often fragmented by aggressive rivals. Is the statement true that unlike planets a dwarf planet cannot have moons? A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity, Agreement signed on January 1, 1994, that allows the opening of borders between the United States, Mexico, and Canada, An international organization that has joined together for military purposes, the largest and newest federal territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, An international economic organization whose member countries all produce and export oil, A state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state, A type of territorial shape that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main body of the territory, phrase borrowed from French where it means simply "reason for being"; in English use it also comes to suggest a degree of rationalization, as "The claimed reason for the existence of something or someone" or country, The process of a reallocation of electoral seats to defined territories, loyalty to the interests of a particular region, boundary that ceases to exist, however the imprint of the boundary still remains on the cultural landscape such as North and South Vietnam, Conflict between two or more religions over a region or territory. The strongest states would expand while the weakest states would be absorbed and that was the natural flow. the branch of art history which studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images. Simulate how different MCQ and FRQ scores translate into AP scores. Explore our app and discover over 50 million learning materials for free. Afghanistan is a classic shatterbelt, a geostrategic region of great cultural diversity and conflict associated with chokepoints; the two concepts are often studied together in AP Human Geography. Last Updated On: March 1, 2022 An Introduction to Stateless Nations A stateless nation is a special case of national political systems, but nonetheless crucial to understanding political geography. Take a look at these questions before you review the key concepts & vocabulary below to get a sense of how you will be assessed. Tightly knit group of individuals sharing a common language, ethnicity, religion, and other cultural attributes. Eastern Europe is a shatterbelt because it contains numerous impoverished, underdeveloped, and weak states sandwiched between the powerful global rivals of Russia and the West (western Europe and the US). It separates countries where a boundary cannot be found. And finally, the vastness of the land meant huge populations of people that could operate a roaring economy. Mr. Sinn Topic 4.3.docx - AP Human Geography with Mr. Sinn Denmark and Ireland are both nation states because their dominant ethnicities match their nationalities. What geographic patterns related to shatterbelts can you see on this map? Spykman valued the seas more than Mackinder did and theorized that control of the coasts was more powerful than the heartland could ever be. According to Spykman, the "rimland," which includes the coastal regions of Europe, Asia, and Africa, is the key to global dominance because it is the most economically and politically advanced region in the world. Shatterbelt Theory Buffer State. Environmental impact of cultural attitudes and practices, 4. A shatterbelt is an area of instability between regions with opposing political and cultural values. Confederal states (C) place most power in regional governments. Free AP Human Geography Flashcards about Unit 5 Political - StudyStack The Heartland Theory has been criticized for its deterministic and Eurocentric approach, which fails to account for the complexity and diversity of world politics. Just like the Heartland Theory, our bodies are susceptible to weapons that sometimes prevent the heart from controlling the rest of the body, like a nuclear bomb to the Heartland Theory. Quizzes with auto-grading, and real-time student data. Reported resources will be reviewed by our team. 65.Terminal Costs Synonym of fixed costs of transportation. In 1500, the region where most people spoke English was a small area on the northwest corner of Europe. Satellite State. The Great Wall of China is an example of which kind of boundary? Sudan, Balkan, Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Vietnam, and Korea are all considered shatterbelt regions because each of these regions are endangered by local conflicts within the states/between the countries, that also includes the involvement of opposing great powers outside the region. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. What clues does this map give you to the existence of a shatterbelt? It was a big thing in the 17th through 20th century for countries in Europe to take areas around the world and make them into colonies, a state that possesses a roughly circular, oval, or rectangular territory in which the distance from the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions, association of sovereign states by a treaty or agreement. Shatterbelt. This makes the idea of the Americas easily falling under the power of the World Island harder than Mackinder believed. According to Ratzel, a nation's territory is like an organism that must grow and expand in order to survive and thrive. STUDY TIP:Content from the this unit has appeared on the FRQs six times since 2001. Mackinder thought that after gaining control of the Heartland and all its resources, one could easily gain the World Island by controlling the coasts and warm water ports, or the key areas that made international trade possible. In the Heartland Theory, someone would gain power over Eastern Europe, and then their power would spread out from there until it covered the whole earth, like blood pumping out to power up the rest of the body. Mackinder's theory has been influential in shaping the foreign policies of various countries and has been used to justify territorial expansion and military intervention in the heartland region. AP Human Geography Unit 3 (Culture) Flashcards | Quizlet The Horn/Yemen has seen the worst famines in modern times, multiple episodes of genocide, Islamic terrorism (Somalia), state terrorism (e.g., the Derg in 1970s Ethiopia), international wars that have killed millions, and ethnic separatism. Contents show Definition of a Geometric Boundary Put simply, a geometric boundary is a political or territorial boundary that has a consistent and clear geometric shape such as a square, line, or circle on a map. Around a century ago, geographers began to think the "shattering" of peace in these places, and indeed in entire regions they called "belts," was an innate characteristic. A large military would make it easy to gradually take over the rest of the world. Territoriality, Choke Points, Neocolonialism, and Other Forms - YouTube Global rivals such as the US and Russia state the need to "protect" groups in the region that share their cultural identity or desired form of government. Do you see now why something like the Heartland Theory could likely pop up on the AP Human Geography multiple choice or FRQ? Australia is a multiethnic state. -Shatterbelts are absent from Latin America, southern Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and Oceania. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Then click the card to flip it. Next-door Moldova contains the breakaway region of Transnistria that is "protected" by Russia and also includes pro-Russian Gagauzia, so if the Russia-Ukraine war spreads, Moldova could quickly be engulfed. NAFTA is a treaty, not a supranational organization. Will you pass the quiz? Shatter belt (geopolitics) - Wikipedia For example, a tree diagram can show how several languages, including French and Spanish, are branches that diverge from a common ancestor, Latin. IraqAfghanistanthe BalkansSomaliatime after time, they seem to break apart and then come back together: brief periods of peace, then another round of violence. Find 3 articles (no older than 2010) that pertain to 3 of the following 6 topics. Why are shatterbelt countries referred to as "powder kegs"? This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Canada could be considered multiethnic, but some Native Canadians and French speakers have strong feelings of nationalism and would consider Canada to be a multinational state. A current example can be found between Saudi Arabia and Yemen, study that analyzes geography, history and social science with reference to international politics. The Balkans region of southeastern Europe is a shatterbelt where Slavic ethnicities clash with non-Slavic ethnicities, Roman Catholics with Eastern Orthodox, and Muslims with Christians. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Kosovos independence in the latter year indicates that shatterbelts will remain volatile regions well into the 21st century. Are you starting to see why this is a BIG deal? DOCX Henry County Schools / Overview Religion is a huge issue, and the strongest fault lines are between Islam and Judaism, Shia and Sunni Islam, within Sunnism, and (in Lebanon and Syria) between various Christian, Muslim, Yazidi, and Druze factions. that causes disunity in a state, A region controlled by a city and that has sovereignty. The Rimland Theory has been criticized for its deterministic and Eurocentric approach, which fails to account for the complexity and diversity of world politics. See our, Students can have difficulties with this concept, but your resource really broke it down and helped them understand with the use of key case studies. Oil is the primary natural resource of global importance; freshwater is the most important local resource.

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