mahmoud strengths in refugee

The World Health Organizations (WHO) scalable psychological interventions, such as Problem Management Plus (PM+) and Step-by-Step (SbS) are designed to be cost-effective non-specialist delivered interventions to reduce symptoms of common mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Palestinian officers removed roadside explosives from the area that had been planted by the militias but only after being told where they were, according to Muhammad Owais, a fighter from the Jenin Camp Brigade, a loose union of local militiamen. Being invisible was how he survived.". Department of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden, 15 For the economic analysis incremental cost-effectiveness ratios comparing changes in effect and costs between the intervention and control group on the primary outcome will also be estimated. War forced him to flee, leaving everything behind in search of safety. the key strength of our work is that it draws attention to the link between migration and race, given the centrality of race in driving British public attitudes towards immigrant groups. In conventional meta-analysis, moderation analyses are commonly done using subgroup analyses of aggregate data (eg, effect sizes), but this limits statistical power and accuracy due to a loss of degrees of freedom and variability in the moderator of interest.67 IPD meta-analysis also allows us to investigate outcome variables that primary studies have not reported. Selected randomised controlled trials are intentionally similar in study design, outcome measures and target population to allow for optimal pooling of data. Josef's journey is he and his family had to escape Nazi Germany. individual psychological help for adults impaired by distress in communities exposed to adversity. Akhtar A, Giardinelli L, Bawaneh A, et al.. Group problem management plus (gPM+) in the treatment of common mental disorders in Syrian refugees in a Jordanian cAMP: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Data will be stored in a secure cloud service (Surfdrive) developed for the Dutch education and research community, which can only be accessed by the IPD meta-analysis research team. President Mahmoud Abbas of the Palestinian Authority made a brief visit on Wednesday to Jenin in the West Bank. Mahmoud is beaten up by the local kids for being Syrian, he's unable to gain a place in a school, and his father can't see a way for his son to have a future. Since the outbreak of the civil war in Syria, over 13million Syrians have been displaced. Mr. Abbass brief visit on Wednesday widely reported as his first to Jenin in more than a decade was a belated effort to rebuild his standing, as well as that of the authority itself. Mr. Abbass efforts to end Israels occupation through negotiations and diplomacy are seen by many Palestinians as a failure, and a younger generation of Palestinians including fighters in Jenin wants to oppose Israel by force. To secure his safe passage to outer fringes of the Jenin refugee camp, Mr. Abbass security team had to work with the gunmen that dominate the camp. Pilot studies on SbS in Lebanon, including Syrian participants, found that the intervention was acceptable,27 and likely effective in improving psychosocial outcomes.28, Pilot studies among Syrian refugees carried out by the STRENGTHS consortium indicated that PM+ delivered by peers is an acceptable and feasible intervention, and likely effective in reducing psychological distress.2932 Currently, fully-powered (ie, based on a priori power analysis) pragmatic RCTs among adult Syrian refugees in Europe and the Middle East are being conducted to test the effectiveness of PM+ in individual format in Switzerland and the Netherlands,33 PM+ in group format (gPM+) in Jordan34 and Turkey,35 and the digital SbS intervention in Germany, Sweden and Egypt.16 The interventions are compared with care as usual (CAU). See: GUID:4B2FC4DC-2744-4E28-9ABC-EEDC5BFB9723, GUID:6D44C421-C4F0-468E-9631-2E92ADA63BAE. Mahmoud's father has been impressed by how quickly his son has embraced his new home, observing that it's as though he's been in Sweden all his life. 2. 2 Mahmoud Bishara is a 12-year-old boy from Aleppo, Syria who lives in 2015 in the book Refugee. Refugee study guide contains a biography of Alan Gratz, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. GENEVA, 17 April (UNHCR) Mahmoud is just a boy. Support also arises as a theme in Mahmoud's storyline when he leads refugees across Hungary . The present paper describes the procedures of an IPD meta-analysis aimed at examining the overall effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the interventions compared with CAU alone, and at examining individual participant differences in treatment response. de Graaff AM, Cuijpers P, McDaid D, et al.. Peer-provided problem management plus (PM+) for adult Syrian refugees: a pilot randomised controlled trial on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Beecham J, Knapp M. Costing psychiatric interventions. They receive monthly supervision by a PM+ master trainer.20. ARQ International, ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 10 Individual patient- versus group-level data meta-regressions for the investigation of treatment effect modifiers: ecological bias rears its ugly head. These strategies include a relaxation exercise using slow breathing (session 1), a 7-step plan to manage practical problems (session 2), behavioural activation by re-engaging with pleasant and task-oriented activities (session 3), and a strategy to strengthen social support (session 4). Treatment conditions are further explained below. Eggers test of the intercept will be carried out to inspect the degree of asymmetry of the plot.73 Lastly, we will estimate the effect size adjusted for bias using the trim and fill procedure.74. Technical Unit, International Medical Corps, London, UK, 7 Meta-analysis of the literature or of individual patient data: is there a difference? But he was just trying to whitewash his image.. All trials randomise individuals 1:1 to the intervention (PM+/CAU, gPM+/CAU, or SbS/CAU) or control group (CAU only). Competing interests: DM: Payment to institution for advice (not related to the interventions evaluated in STRENGTHS) given to the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy in January 2022. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test, Trim and fill: a simple Funnel-Plot-Based method, Problems after flight: understanding and comparing Syrians perspectives in the Middle East and Europe. Fried EI, van Borkulo CD, Epskamp S, et al.. The world's fathers: Inspiring stories of refugee fatherhood Getting noticed by the Syrian army or the rebels fighting them, he knows, is "just inviting trouble." When the bell rings in school, Mahmoud finds his 10-year-old brother Waleed to walk him home. Refer to the Methods section for further details. We can learn much more by listening and taking seriously what they tell us is helpful rather than imposing our Western ideas about what we believe they ought to find helpful. Jaafar Ashtiyeh/Agence France-Presse Getty Images. CAU includes all (mental) health services available to refugees across settings. De-identified primary datasets will be shared using secure password protected data links. We will extract individual-level data from each dataset to test a range of variables that may moderate the effects of the interventions on primary and secondary outcomes, to determine differential treatment effects based on participant characteristics. For me, these videos give me heart. No mention is made of the psychological strengths that refugee families possess and the ability that most have to survive and learn from their suffering. Received 2021 Oct 6; Accepted 2022 Mar 4. AG, PC, CA, AA, MSA, MAw, AB, RB, SB, ME, DF, LG, MH, JH, ZI, NK, CK, GK, DM, NM, HN, AP, MP, RB, MSch, US, JS, EU, CW, AW and MSij contributed to the original data acquisition. 2 The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) checklist42 is appended. Acarturk C, Konuk E, Cetinkaya M, et al.. Mahmoud becomes so sick of having nowhere to stay that he runs into the street to stop cars and ask them for help. This study has important limitations that have to be taken into account when interpreting the results. The European Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. More about Hiba Yazbek, A version of this article appears in print on, Palestinian Leader Visits City Israel Raided, Trying to Signal Strength, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/12/world/middleeast/mahmoud-abbas-jenin-israel-palestinian-authority.html. We will include all STRENGTHS RCTs on the effectiveness of PM+ for individuals (Switzerland and the Netherlands), PM+ for groups (gPM+) (Jordan and Turkey), and SbS (Sweden, Germany and Egypt). But with Israel now ruled by its most right-wing government in history, prospects of a Palestinian state are more distant than ever. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The individual PM+ intervention consists of five 90min sessions. Two police officers attending the speech fainted in the heat, as temperatures neared 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Collaborators: STRENGTHS consortium Ceren Acarturk, Aemal Akhtar, Akini Ahmad Bawaneh, Martha Bird, Felicity Brown, Richard Bryant, Sebastian Burchert, Pim Cuijpers, Martine van den Dool, Anne de Graaff, Annelieke Drogendijk, Daniela Fuhr, Mahmoud Hemmo, Jonas Maria Hessling, Zeynep Ilkkursun, Mark Jordans, Nikolai Kiselev, Christine Knaevelsrud, Glah Kurt, Saara Martinmki, David McDaid, Cansu Mirzanl, Trudy Mooren, Naser Morina, A-La Park, Monique Pfaltz, Bayard Roberts, Matthis Schick, Ulrich Schnyder, Marit Sijbrandij, Egbert Sondorp, Julia Spaaij, Frederik Steen, Karine Taha, Peter Ventevogel, Claire Whitney, Nana Wiedemann, Aniek Woodward. We will obtain study-level data for each trial including country and setting in which the study was conducted, and the type of intervention tested (eg, PM+, gPM+, SbS). However, across sites, access to mental health services is hampered by numerous barriers, such as the lack of Arabic-speaking health providers in European countries, and overburdened health systems of neighbouring countries hosting most refugees.13 14 All study participants received information about available mental health services. The severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, PTSD symptoms, daily functioning, and self-identified problems, and costs of care at the 3-month follow-up will be used as dependent variables, and condition (eg, treatment vs control) will be the independent variable while adjusting for baseline scores. Discounting will not be applied given the short duration of the study. President Mahmoud Abbas of the Palestinian Authority made his first visit in years to Jenin, the battle-scarred and impoverished Palestinian city in the north of the Israeli-occupied West Bank that was the target of a two-day raid by the Israeli military last week. Brothers, I want to tell you that the authority came here to affirm its support for the people of Jenin camp and with its people in the city of Jenin, Mr. Abbas said, standing in front of a restaurant badly damaged by the fighting last week. Alan Gratz 's Refugee is a young-adult novel about three young refugees from different eras: Josef Landau, a German Jew displaced from Nazi Germany; Isabel Fernandez, a Cuban fleeing her starving country in 1994; and Mahmoud Bishara, a Syrian escaping civil war in 2015. Across trials, participants are excluded if there are signs of imminent suicide risk (PM+ manual questionnaire).48 Furthermore, all trials except those on SbS in Sweden, Germany and Egypt exclude participants with acute medical conditions, expressed acute needs or protection risks, and indications of severe mental disorders (eg, psychotic disorders or substance-dependence) or cognitive impairment (eg, severe intellectual disability or dementia) (PM+ manual observation checklist).48 The fully powered PM+ trial in the Netherlands also excludes participants currently receiving specialised psychological treatment. FOIA The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation. Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: risk and protective factors, Building back better: sustainable mental health care after emergencies, Treatment gap and mental health service use among Syrian refugees in Sultanbeyli, Istanbul: a cross-sectional survey, Migrants' and refugees' health status and healthcare in Europe: a scoping literature review, Mental health care utilisation and access among refugees and asylum seekers in Europe: a systematic review, Structural and socio-cultural barriers to accessing mental healthcare among Syrian refugees and asylum seekers in Switzerland, Psychological trauma and access to primary healthcare for people from refugee and asylum-seeker backgrounds: a mixed methods systematic review. AG, PC, CA, AA, MSA, MAo, MAw, AB, FB, RB, SB, KC, AD, ME, DF, PH, EH, LG, MH, JH, ZI, MJ, NK, CK, GK, SM, DM, NM, HN, AP, MP, BR, MSch, US, FS, JS, KT, EU, PV, CW, AW and MSij all read, commented and approved the final protocol. An advantage of individual participant data meta-analysis concerns the acquired power to study overall treatment effect estimates, predictors and moderators. Refugee Symbols, Allegory and Motifs | GradeSaver He is a boy in Aleppo, Syria in 2015, escaping the civil war taking place there. Mahmoud told his dad that he wanted to board a boat and go to Italy, where he'd have a chance to go to school. Jenin is within the roughly 40 percent of the West Bank that has been nominally administered by the Palestinian Authority since the 1990s, when Israeli and Palestinian leaders signed diplomatic agreements, known as the Oslo Accords, that increased Palestinian autonomy within some parts of the territories that Israel captured during the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. The IPD meta-analysis will be conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle (ie, all randomised participants will be included in the analyses). Hes been trying this for years and it hasnt achieved anything, said Mr. Khrewish. Trauma and Disaster Mental Health Master Programme, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, stanbul, Turkey, 16 This IPD meta-analysis protocol will extend our current knowledge on the effectiveness of scalable psychological interventions for refugees and other populations affect by adversity. 8600 Rockville Pike Fazel M, Reed RV, Panter-Brick C, et al.. The Hopkins symptom checklist (HSCL): a self-report symptom inventory, The arabic validation of the Hopkins symptoms Checklist-25 against mini in a disadvantaged suburb of Beirut, Lebanon, Psychometric properties of the online Arabic versions of BDI-II, HSCL-25, and PDS. Patient and public involvement: Patients and/or the public were involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research. Isabel Fernandez Quotes - Bookroo The manuals for all interventions were adapted by the STRENGTHS consortium according to a framework for the cultural adaptation of psychological interventions,49 and materials to provide training for trainers and helpers/facilitators were developed.50 51, PM+ isa brief, transdiagnostic psychological intervention developed to reduce symptoms of common mental disorders such as depression, anxiety and PTSD.20 PM+ includesfiveweekly sessions provided by trained non-specialist helpers. To arrive by air, he had to borrow aircraft from the Jordanian government and secure permission from the Israeli military, which controls airspace over the West Bank. The climax of a story is defined as the point of highest tension or drama within a plot, when the most memorable and dramatic part of the action takes place. Josef's best friend at school, who joins the Hitler Youth. Refugee athlete Aram Mahmoud motivated after Olympic experience One year later, a camera crew tracked the family down in Sweden, and checked in to see how they were doing. 1 Answers Log in to answer Answered by Jill W 6 months ago 9/1/2022 1:48 PM Mahmoud is a twelve-year-old boy "with a long, strong nose, thick black eyebrows, and short-cropped black hair" (12). Before False. For me, these videos give me heart. Yet his control over the Jenin refugee camp remains tenuous at best, even after his visit on Wednesday. Editor As a child psychiatrist who grew up in a refugee family I take issue with Hodes's editorial about refugee children. Local ethical approval has been obtained for each RCT. During this 5-week intervention, the participant learns skills in arousal reduction, problem-solving, behavioural activation and accessing social support. But it didn't work out. The first sentence of Mahmoud's perspective is, "Mahmoud Bishara was invisible, and that's exactly how he wanted it. Division of Clinical-Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 5 Take a minute to watchthe video below! Around a thousand elite troops from the Palestinian Authority secured the area ahead of Mr. Abbass trip. After the primary datasets are checked for accuracy, all eligible datasets will be merged into the IPD meta-analytical dataset. The story is told through short chapters that . Measuring health and disability: manual for who disability assessment schedule WHODAS 2.0, Selecting instruments for assessing psychological wellbeing in Afghan and Kurdish refugee groups, Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the 12-item Arabic World Health organization disability assessment schedule (WHODAS 2.0) as a screening tool for Syrian refugees. Mahmoud Bishara Character Analysis. The authoritys troops were also filmed on Wednesday blocking an Israeli military convoy from entering the city a scene so rare that many wondered on social media whether it had been staged. Related Tags. Instant downloads of all 1754 LitChart PDFs (including Refugee). The Real Palestinian Refugee Problem, and Mahmoud Abbas's - Mosaic government site. STRENGTHS inclusion criteria = Arabic-speaking Syrian refugees 18+years + K10>15 + WHODAS 2.0>16. Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 13 This type of approach to healing is not commonly recognised outside Western societies. Before Summary Analysis Twelve-year-old Mahmoud Bishara is used to being invisibleit is how he survives. Mahmoud's father has been impressed by how quickly his son has embraced his new home, observing that it's as though he's been in Sweden all his life. Thanks for signing up as a global citizen. ANZCTR, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; gPM+, group PM+; K10, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; NTR, Netherlands Trial Register; pilot, pilot RCT; PM+, Problem Management Plus; RCT, fully-powered RCT; SbS, step-by-step; STRENGTHS, Syrian REfuGees MeNTal HealTH Care Systems; WHODAS 2.0, WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Uygun E, Ilkkursun Z, Sijbrandij M, et al.. Protocol for a randomized controlled trial: peer-to-peer group problem management plus (PM+) for adult Syrian refugees in turkey, Care-as-usual control groups across different settings in randomized trials on psychotherapy for adult depression: a meta-analysis, Global health policy, and the Syrian crisis, Individual participant data meta-analysis to examine interactions between treatment effect and participant-level covariates: statistical recommendations for conduct and planning. Refugee Themes | GradeSaver A common question iswhether asylum seekers can integrate into their new communities andcontribute to local life. It came just days after some of his leading allies were booed by mourners in the city as they attended funerals for people killed during the latest Israeli operation. One million fled to Europe by boat or overland.1 Refugees often reside in unstable and insecure locations in urban areas or refugee camps,24 and may face uncertainty about their legal status in seeking asylum.5 In this paper, we use Syrian refugees to refer to Syrians who have been granted a refugee status and to those whose request for sanctuary still has to be processed. We will examine small sample bias by inspecting the funnel plot in which sample size is plotted against the effect estimates of the primary outcome measures. Refugee families have psychological strengths. Recent data by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) . The STRENGTHS project installed an independent external expert board (Project Advisory Board) including mental health professionals from Syria. We wanted to show our respect to him as a city because it would have been a disgrace for us not to. The RCTs include Syrian refugees of 18 years and above with elevated psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10>15)) and impaired daily functioning (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0>16)). We will conduct a one-stage IPD meta-analysis using linear mixed models. In high-income countries, this includes referral to (specialised) mental health services through primary care practitioners (eg, general practitioner). The results of this study will be published in international peer-reviewed journals. In Jordan, group facilitators were members of the host community. "I love badminton more than before . what happened to mahmoud in refugee; what does mahmoud want to control in refugee GRADE offers a transparent and structured process for developing and presenting evidence summaries and for carrying out the steps involved in developing recommendations. 16 The interventions have been developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to scale up coverage . As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Single trials do not have sufficient power to detect genuine interaction effects between participant characteristics and treatment outcome.38 To determine which individuals are more or less likely to benefit from these scalable psychological interventions, an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analytic approach can be used.39 40 This approach does not rely on aggregate (study-level) data used in conventional meta-analysis techniques, but uses the original data of each individual participant (participant-level) from eligible RCTs. The book Refugee by Alan Gratz is about three refugees. After arriving by helicopter at around noon from Ramallah, one of the few pockets of the West Bank where Mr. Abbas exerts tight control, he visited a neighborhood known as the Jenin refugee camp, a militant stronghold that was widely damaged during the Israeli raid. Refugee: Important Quotes Explained | SparkNotes DM and AP provided input for the economic analysis. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, If discrepancies between the primary dataset and published report arise, clarification will be sought from authors. Secondary outcomes include daily functioning (WHODAS 2.0), PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5) and self-identified problems (PSYCHLOPS). The loudspeakers transmitting Mr. Abbass speech frequently failed, silencing him for seconds at a time. Refugee Study Guide | GradeSaver Disclaimer: The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated. I would like to say to those near and far: The country is one, and will remain one, he said. Mr. Abbass visit was an effort to demonstrate to both Israelis and Palestinians that he retains authority and control over Jenin, a city in which his security forces are passive spectators to street battles between Israeli soldiers and Palestinian militias opposed to his rule. Ashworth M, Shepherd M, Christey J, et al.. A client-generated psychometric instrument: The development of PSYCHLOPS, The validity of posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) as screening instrument with Kurdish and Arab displaced populations living in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Refugee Important Quotes | SuperSummary What are Mahmoud's thoughts about his inner self? - BookRags.com There were inflatable rafts, Canoes with homemade outriggers. Compare the stories of Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud to others you have read about refugee children. True or False. SbS is a five-session, digital self-help intervention for iOS, Android and Web platforms, aimed at reducing depressive symptoms. The right way is resistance. The notion of therapy and counselling in different settings is repeatedly put forward. Winhusen T, Winstanley EL, Somoza E, et al..

Park Center Basketball Ranking, Seattle Sailing Tours, Daejeon Citizen Fc - Suwon Fc, Articles M